Birth Weight and Parental BMI Predict Overweight in Children From Mothers With Gestational Diabetes

The objective of this study was to investigate the growth of children from pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its association with antenatal maternal, fetal, and recent anthropometric parameters of mother and father. In 324 pregnancies of Caucasian women with GDM, BMI before pregnancy, maternal glycemic values, and measurements of the fetal abdominal circumference were recorded. The weight and height of infants were measured at birth and at follow-up at 5.4 years (range 2.5-8.5). In addition, somatic data from routine examinations at 6, 12, and 24 months and the BMI of parents at follow-up were obtained. BMI standard deviation scores (SDSs) were calculated based on age-correspondent data. At all time points, BMI was significantly above average (+0.82 SDS at birth; +0.56 at 6, +0.35 at 12, and +0.32 at 24 months; and +0.66 at follow-up; P /=90th percentile and 25% in those with normal BMI at birth (P /=30 kg/m(2) were overweight at follow-up compared with 20% of those with parental BMI <30 kg/m(2) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Children of mothers with GDM have a high rate of overweight that is associated both with intrauterine growth and parental obesity.