The Long-term impact of intrauterine growth restriction in a diverse US cohort of children: The EPOCH study

DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 42 children exposed to IUGR and 464 unexposed who were members of Kaiser Permanente of Colorado. Height and weight measurements since birth and measures of abdominal adiposity and insulin-resistance were measured at an average age of 10.6 (Ã‚Â±1.3) years. RESULTS: Infants born IUGR experienced "catch-up growth" in the first 12 months of life at a rate of 3.58 kg/m2 compared to 2.36 kg/m2 in unexposed infants (P = 0.01). However, after 1 year of age, no differences in BMI growth velocity were observed. Nevertheless children exposed to IUGR had higher waist circumference (67.0 vs. 65.3 cm, P = 0.03), higher insulin (15.2 vs. 11.0 ÃŽÂ¼U/ml, P = 0.0002), higher HOMA-IR (2.8 vs. 2.3, P = 0.03), and lower adiponectin levels (9.0 vs. 12.0 ÃŽÂ¼g/ml, P = 0.003) in adolescence, independent of other childhood and maternal factors.